The far field approximation is an important concept in antenna theory that allows us to simplify the calculation of antenna fields in the far field region. The far field is defined as the region at least one wavelength away from the antenna. In this region, the wavefronts are assumed to be plane waves, so the electric and magnetic fields can be represented as vectors in a single plane. This simplifies the calculation of the fields since they become a function of only one angle, the angle between the vector and the wavefronts (or the direction of the wave). The far field approximation also allows us to estimate the radiation patterns of antennas, which is important for antenna design and analysis.

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by Rohit Lodhi

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