Ganga River System

Ganga TributariesYamuna, Gomti, Ghaghara, Gandak, Kosi, Son, Tons & PunpunGhaghara TributariesSarda & RaktiKosi TributariesArun, Tamur & Sun KoshiYamuna TributariesChambal, Sind, Betwa & KenChambal TributariesKali Sindh, Parvati & Banas

River Ganga

• Origin → As Bhagirathi from Gangotri Glacier (Uttarkashi – Uttarakhand)
• Alakananda unites with Bhagirathi at Devprayag, Uttarakhand → Henceforth known as Ganga
• Passing through Rishikesh, it debounches in plains of Haridwar
• From Haridwar, it flows Southward to reach Allahabad where it joins Yamuna
• Near Rajmahal Hills, it turns southeast & bifurcate at Farraka into Hoogly (Kolkata) & Padma (BD)
• At Bangladesh, Ganga merges with Brahmputra (Known as Jamuna in Bangladesh) at Goalundo Ghats
• Mixture is known as Padma River 
• Then it merges with Meghna & finally falls in Bay of Bengal
• Meghna → Known as Barack river in India 
• Major tributaries → Yamuna, Gomti, Ghaghara, Gandak, Kosi, Son, Tons & Punpun

Major Tributaries of Ganga River System

• GhagharaOrigin →Bharchachungar Glacier (Rakas lake) near Mansarovar
• Joins Ganga at Chhapra
• Known as Manchu or Karnali in Nepal
• Known as Saryu or Ghaghra in UP
• Perennial river
• Major tributaries →Sarda & Rakti 
• GandakOrigin → Sino – Nepal Boundary (Dhaulagiri range)
• Known as Kalyani in Nepal
• Major River of Nepal
• Joins Ganga at Sonpur, Bihar
• KosiOrigin → Gosainath peak (Tibet)
• Merges with river Ganga at Bhagalpur (Bihar)
• Consists of 7 streams & known as Saptakoshi in Nepal
• Main stream → Arun, Tamur & Sun Koshi
• Formerly Known as Sorrow of Bihar
• Major Projects → Kusha Dam
• SonOrigin → Amarkantak Plateau (Near north of origin of Narmada)
• Flows through Kaimur Range to meet Ganga at Patna 
• GomtiOriginates from Gomat Taal / Fulhaar jheel – Pilibhit
• A tributary of Ganga
• YamunaOrigin → Yamunotri Glacier (Uttarkashi – Uttarakhand)
• Largest Tributary of Ganga
• After cutting deep gorge across Shivalik, it enters into plains near Tajewala
• Flows southward up to Agra & then turns southeast to meet Ganga at Allahabad
• Famous tributaries →Chambal, Sind, Betwa & Ken
• BetwaMajor Tributaries →Tributary of Yamuna, rises from Vindhya range, MP
• Major Projects      → Matatila dam & Rajghat dam
• Ken Rises from Kaimur hills in Satna (Madhya Pradesh), a tributary of Yamuna
• Famous for its Shajar stone & Raneh waterfalls
• ChambalOrigin → Vindhya Range (Mhow, MP)
• Passes through Kota & Dhaulpur (Rajasthan)
• Merge with Yamuna at Etawah (UP)
• forms boundary between Rajasthan & MP
• Major tributaries       →Kali Sindh, Parvati & Banas
• Main Power Projects → Gandhisagar, Rana Pratap Sagar & Jawahar Sagar
• Banas Originate from eastern slopes of Aravali
• Tributary of Chambal
• Damodar  Origin → Eastern part of Chhota Nagpur Plateu
• Meets Hoogli at Falta
• Power Projects →Talaiya, Maithan, Barakar & Panchet