sion of electrons from metals, thermionic emission, photo electric emission, field emission, effect of temperature on electrical conductivity of metals, electrical conducting materials, thermal properties, thermal conductivity of metals, thermoelectric effects. MODULE-II (10 HOURS) Dielectric Properties: Introduction, effect of a dielectric on the behavior of a capacitor, polarization, the dielectric constant of monatomic gases, frequency dependence of permittivity, dielectric losses, significance of the loss tangent, dipolar relaxation, frequency and temperature dependence of the dielectric constant, dielectric properties of polymeric system, ionic conductivity in insulators, insulating materials, ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity.