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Knowledge in Environmental Psychology
If pigeons were brilliant, would they flock?
Crowd panics, market bubbles, and other unpredictable collective behaviors would not happen if people were smart about these things and just thought through their behavior before they acted. Right? That's the perspective in economics, and even psychology and sociology. But a UC Davis researcher looked at how people behave in simple reasoning games and found that people are usually driven to "flock," or behave similarly to others in a given situation. Seth Frey, an assistant professor of communication at UC Davis, said this happens "even when people use the fancy reasoning processes that are supposed to make humans so special." Frey is lead author of an article, "Cognitive mechanisms for human flocking dynamics." The paper appeared in the Journal of Computational Social Science this month. "The basic idea is that we have this preconception about fads and panics and flocks and herds, that they are driven by our basest animal spirits, and that adding thoughtfulness or education or intelligence would make those things go away," Frey said. "This paper shows that people who are being thoughtful (specifically people who are doing dizzying 'what you think I think you think I think' reasoning) still get caught up in little flocks, in a way that the game they end up playing is driven less by what seems rational and more by what they think the others think they're going to do." Each game used in the study is based on a very different way of thinking and should have evoked different varieties of reasoning by players, Frey said. But they did not. The same sophisticated flocking behavior bore out in all three games. Flocking can be good or bad Researchers looked at the behavior of hundreds of players, who came from student and online pools, repeated for many rounds of the games over time. They analyzed behavior over high and low payoffs, over multiple populations and with very experienced players, with the well-known "Beauty Contest" game and two they devised for the research, "Mod Game" and "Runway Game," Frey said. Rules and methods of winning each game varied. In Beauty Contest, players receive a reward for guessing the number 0-100 whose number is closest to two-thirds the value of the average of all numbers submitted by all players. In the Mod Game, players choose an integer between 1 and 24. Players earn points by choosing a number precisely one above another's number, except that 1 beats 24, such as in Paper-Rock-Scissors, in that every number can get beaten by another. And in the Runway Game, players practice the same one-upmanship of the Mod Game, but they can choose literally any number, -1, a million, pi, anything. These subtle differences lead to big differences in theory, but they don't seem to matter to players, who get caught up in their group mates' flocking no matter what. Frey explained that flocking, in life, can be good or bad. It can be good for schools of fish, flocking birds, or team cyclists in a race -- where in each case group members gain a greater ability to obtain food, be safe or to win. But flocking can be undesirable in a stock market fall or a riot, for instance, where safety, survival or "winning" can be jeopardized. ." ..These games show that sophisticated human reasoning processes may be just as likely to drive the complex, often pathological, social dynamics that we usually attribute to reactive, emotional, nondeliberative reasoning," the researchers conclude. "In other words, human intelligence may as likely increase as decrease the complexity and unpredictability of social and economic outcomes."
Aman Kumar Singh
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Kohlberg's moral development theory
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ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING And Quality of Water
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5 fun things to do at home during this lockdown
If you’re sitting there asking yourself what day it is and you’re unable to remember the last time you left the house, you’re likely in need of some new ideas to try at home.Don’t go stir crazy, and don’t further cement that permanent spot in your couch while binge-watching all the popular shows right now on Netflix. There’s more to life than that.1) Start or perfect a hobbyIs there a craft project you’ve been meaning to tackle, or a professional camera lying around collecting dust? You are home with plenty of time on your hands, so now is the time to either pick up that forgotten hobby or start a new one.If you’ve been wanting to learn how to play an instrument, you could order one online and find how-to videos on YouTube.2) Take an online classUniversities and colleges around the world have online classes you could take. And now you have the time. It’s a win-win scenario for all.That online class could also include you learning a new language. Give Duolingo or a similar app a try. You’ll be ready for an international vacation by the time this lockdown is lifted.3) Virtual happy hour with friendsNow is not the time to hole up and be antisocial. Our mental health still needs to be social with others, you might just have to do it virtually.Get a group chat going or better yet have a virtual happy hour with friends. Pour yourself a glass of your favorite adult beverage and hop on a Zoom call with your besties.This connection will likely bring out all the laughs, and laughter is some of the best medicine right now.4) Share something hopeful and positiveIt can be difficult to deal with all the news right now. Why not share something positive, like a video of people showing solidarity during this pandemic or a good news story that you found online?You can also help limit the spread of misinformation online by only sharing advice from experts and reliable sources, like the World Health Organisation. This will help stop people around you from panicking. 5) Read a variety of booksReading is a form of extended learning, so why not take this time at home to read everything from the classics to self-help books to fiction? Take turns rotating from Shakespeare to Brene Brown to J.K. Rowling. Now is a great time to actually read the books you've had on your shelf but never opened.
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