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Topic - 11th & 12th & bsc dna fingerprinting
DNA fingerprinting is a laboratory technique used to establish a link between biological evidence and a suspect in a criminal investigation. A DNA sample taken from a crime scene is compared with a DNA sample from a suspect.DNA profiling is the process of determining an individual's DNA characteristics. DNA analysis intended to identify a species, rather than an individual, is called DNA barcoding The technique of DNA fingerprinting was developed in 1984 by British geneticist Alec Jeffreys, after he noticed that certain sequences of highly variable DNA (known as minisatellites), which do not contribute to the functions of genes , are repeated within genes.An early use of DNA fingerprinting was in legal disputes, notably to help solve crimes and to determine paternity. It is also used to identify inherited genetic diseases and can be used to identify genetic matches between tissue donors and recipients. DNA fingerprinting is also a valuable tool for confirming pedigree in animals, such as purebred dogs and racehorses.Sample contamination, faulty preparation procedures, and mistakes in interpretation of results are major sources of error in DNA fingerprinting. These issues can cause discrepancies between biological proof and legal proof in court cases. In forensics , large amounts of high-quality DNA are needed, yet forensic DNA samples frequently are degraded or are collected postmortem, rendering them of lower quality and subject to producing less reliable results than samples obtained from a living individual.
Akansha pandey
Biology sample paper -1 part -1 class 11th cbse
Sample papers are important preparation material used by almost all students during revision for their board exams. Solving sample papers helps a student to understand the pattern of the question paper and the marking scheme of the board question paper.The sample paper is based on the actual question paper format which helps students in getting an overview of the paper pattern including the type of questions like short or long answer type questions, mostly asked topics, marks distribution, etcWhereas sample papers usually have more difficult questions. I wouldn't recommend a person to go through the sample paper a day or two before the exam unless he/she is super confident with the curriculum (don't try testing your confidence). Going through the previous year papers would make better sense.(i) Before solving the sample paper of a particular subject, make sure that you have covered the whole syllabus of that subject. (ii) Solve the sample papers with pen and paper just the way you do in an exam. Do not solve questions orally by applying mind calculations . Attributes of a good question paper. The question paper setter and evaluator should fulfill their assignment with great honesty, dedication, integrity and seriousness. ... A question paper is the basic tool used in an examination. Sometimes, question papers are under debate for their levels of toughness and lengthy content . Sample papers are important preparation material used by almost all students during revision for their board exams. Solving sample papers helps a student to understand the pattern of the question paper and the marking scheme of the board question paper.
Biology sample paper -1 part -2 class 11th cbse
Sample papers are important preparation material used by almost all students during revision for their board exams. Solving sample papers helps a student to understand the pattern of the question paper and the marking scheme of the board question paper.The sample paper is based on the actual question paper format which helps students in getting an overview of the paper pattern including the type of questions like short or long answer type questions, mostly asked topics, marks distribution, etcWhereas sample papers usually have more difficult questions. I wouldn't recommend a person to go through the sample paper a day or two before the exam unless he/she is super confident with the curriculum (don't try testing your confidence). Going through the previous year papers would make better sense.(i) Before solving the sample paper of a particular subject, make sure that you have covered the whole syllabus of that subject. (ii) Solve the sample papers with pen and paper just the way you do in an exam. Do not solve questions orally by applying mind calculations . Attributes of a good question paper. The question paper setter and evaluator should fulfill their assignment with great honesty, dedication, integrity and seriousness. ... A question paper is the basic tool used in an examination. Sometimes, question papers are under debate for their levels of toughness and lengthy content . Sample papers are important preparation material used by almost all students during revision for their board exams. Solving sample papers helps a student to understand the pattern of the question paper and the marking scheme of the board question paper.