Knowledge in Bio Chemistry on viden.io

Knowledge in Bio Chemistry

Biomass Gasify

Bio Chemistry

Avinash Pati

Inorganic

Bio Chemistry

Raparthy Rahul

chemistry in every day of life

Chemistry in our everyday life: Your body- Your body is mostly water which is hydrogen and oxygen. Almost 99% of the mass of the human body is made up of six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Only about 0.85% is composed of another five elements: potassium, sulphur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium. All are necessary to life. Your emotions- The emotions that you feel are a result of chemical messengers, primarily neurotransmitters.  Love, jealousy, envy, infatuation and infidelity all share a basis in chemistry. The sweaty palms and pounding heart of infatuation are caused by higher than normal levels of norepinepherine. Meanwhile, the ‘high’ of being in love is due to a rush of phenylethylamine and dopamine. Soaps and detergents- Everyday while washing our clothes we use soaps and detergents. These soaps and detergents are made of chemical ingredients. Soaps are sodium or potassium fatty acids salts, produced from the hydrolysis of fats in a chemical reaction called saponification. Each soap molecule has a long hydrocarbon chain, sometimes called its ‘tail’, with a carboxylate ‘head’. In water, the sodium or potassium ions float free, leaving a negatively-charged head. Soap is an excellent cleanser because of its ability to act as an emulsifying agent.An emulsifier is capable of dispersing one liquid into another immiscible liquid. This means that while oil (which attracts dirt) doesn’t naturally mix with water, soap can suspend oil/dirt in such a way that it can be removed. Onions- As harmless as they look, these when cut can make you cry rivers. There is a chemical reason behind this water. When you cut an onion, you break cells, releasing their contents. Amino acid sulfoxides form sulfenic acids. Enzymes that were kept separate now are free to mix with the sulfenic acids to produce propanethiol S-oxide, a volatile sulfur compound that wafts upward toward your eyes. This gas reacts with the water in your tears to form sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid burns, stimulating your eyes to release more tears to wash the irritant away. Apparently, this water helps the dirt from your eye to wash away. One useful tip you can probably pass on to your mother is that if onion is cut under running water, most of the chemicals that make your eyes water get washed away. Voila! Ice floats on water-  If ice wouldn’t float, imagine the water of a lake freezing from the bottom! Chemistry holds the explanation for why ice floats, while most substances sink when they freeze. A water molecule is made from one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms, strongly joined to each other with covalent bonds. Water molecules are also attracted to each other by weaker chemical bonds (hydrogen bonds) between the positively-charged hydrogen atoms and the negatively-charged oxygen atoms of neighboring water molecules. As water cools below 4°C, the hydrogen bonds adjust to hold the negatively charged oxygen atoms apart. This produces a crystal lattice, which is commonly known as ‘ice’. Ice floats because it is about 9% less dense than liquid water. In other words, ice takes up about 9% more space than water, so a liter of ice weighs less than a liter water. The heavier water displaces the lighter ice, so ice floats to the top. One consequence of this is that lakes and rivers freeze from top to bottom, allowing fish to survive even when the surface of a lake has frozen over. Sunscreen- We use sunscreen while going out in sun. Sunscreen uses chemistry to filter or block the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays to protect you from a sunburn, skin cancer, or both. Do you know how sunscreen works or what an SPF rating really means? Sunscreen combines organic and inorganic chemicals to filter the light from the sun so that less of it reaches the deeper layers of your skin. Like a screen door, some light penetrates, but not as much as if the door wasn’t present. Sunblock, on the other hand, reflects or scatters the light away so that it doesn’t reach the skin at all.

Bio Chemistry

kiran shetty

hybrid material

brief discribtion on Hybrid material.

Bio Chemistry

ajay deshmukh

Atomic Absorption Spectrometry- A useful tool in scientific research

Every year, we are listening to the news of ever increasing pollution levels. It creates havoc in different ways, somewhere it is form of smog(Delhi) while in other places it is in form of soil erosion, loud noise, etc. We also get continuous reports of how Pollution Control Department is trying to curb these pollution levels by imposing fines on industries, coming up with new bills to be passed in legislation, etc. On a scientific level,there, lies a method to treat the issues of contamination. This is Atomic Absorption Spectrometry which is quite a important method nowadays as researchers use it to detect heavy metals in water, soil and air. AAS Method is basically a technique used for the determination of single elements in the chemical compounds using the absorption of optical radiation(light) by free atoms in the gaseous state. The principle of the technique involves using atomic absorption spectrum of a sample in order to assess the concentration of specific analyte in it. And moreover, to establish the relation between measured absorbance value and the analyte concentration, it relies on Beer Lambert’s Law. AAS detects elements from samples through application of characteristic wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation from a light source. So, basically what happens in this technique? First of all, a sample to be analyzed is taken and converted to liquid (most commonly used) or gaseous form. The solution is drawn in through a small tube present in the front of the device and taken to nebulizer where the solution is broken up into a fine mist(similar to an aerosol spray). The fine mist is carried to the atomizer, such as flame, by a carrier gas. When the sample reaches the flame, the intense heat evaporates the sample and leaves a fine dry residue which are the atoms in the ground state. These ground state atoms are excited with the electromagnetic radiation of specific wavelength. Once excited, they absorb the radiation given to them. The amount of absorbance value is measured and it indicates the absorbance for a particular element. The electromagnetic radiation comes from a hollow cathode lamp which has argon or neon gas inside. And the flame is typically Acetylene gas or Nitrous oxide gas. Atomization using flame are also called as FAAS (Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) The AAS method is extremely used in detection of heavy metals, for analyzing soil and plants for mineral necessary for growth. It is also applied , in forensic for substance identification, in food industry, for quality assurance and testing for contamination, in pharmaceutical, for detecting impurities in drugs. So, this method is quite useful and will be in the near future. When our environment has become hazardous, methods like AAS become important all the more. It is also necessary to come up with new scientific methods to combat the harm on our nature.

Bio Chemistry +2 more

Ananya Dixit

Electro chemistry and corrosion.

This document contains types of corrosion and types of batteries and galvanic cells.and evolution of hydrogen and many more.

B.Tech +5 more

Sourav Jha

Important questions of electrochemistry and corrosion.

This document contains important questions of electrochemistry and corrosion which is very useful and easy to understand the concept.

B.Tech +9 more

Sourav Jha

Stereo chemistry and reaction mechanisms.

This document contains preparation of aspirin and paracetamol and reaction mechanisms of reactions.it also contains isomers and the types of isomers and types of reactions.

B.Tech +7 more

Sourav Jha

Crystal field splitting of complex compounds

This document contains some important information related to crystal field splitting of complex compounds such as tetrahedral compounds, square planar, octahedral complexes.

B.Tech +5 more

Sai Kumar