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The no. of magnetic field lines passing perpendicularly to a surface is called as magnetic flux.Its S.I unit is Tesla m2
Faraday's experiment
He maintained arelative motion between a magnet & a closed coil containing a galvanometer.He found that whenever the northpole of a magnet was moving away or toward the coil the galvanometer showed deflection.This shows that due to the presence of magnet some field lines are connected to the coil,whenever the position of the coil changes the magnetic field lines linked with the coil also changes.
For this,an emf is induced in the coil which lasts as long as the change in magnetic flux continues.This is called electromagnetic induction.
Lenzs law
An emf is produced in the coil such that it opposes the cause which produces it.
Whenever the northpole of the magnet was moved towards the coil an induced current is generated in an anticlockwise manner & if the northpole of the magnet is moved away from the coil,the induced current is generated in the clockwise manner.
Motional emf
The developement of emf in a conductor or a coil when it is moved in a fixed magnetic field.
Self-induction
Whenever there's a change in emf in a conductor or a coil due to change in its own current is called self-induction
Mutual-induction
Whenever there's a change in the secondary coil due to the change in current in the primary coil is called mutual induction.